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  1. Subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD) is very common among the older people, but has no approved treatment. Preclinical trials show that remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) reduces recurrence of ischemi...

    Authors: Zhangyuan Liao, Yali Bu, Meijie Li, Ranran Han, Nan Zhang, Junwei Hao and Wei Jiang
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:206
  2. Non motor symptoms (NMS) of Parkinson’s disease (PD) are common and can be more disabling than motor symptoms. Sleep disorders can be seen in up to 98% of patients with Parkinson disease. Poor sleep quality ha...

    Authors: Dereje Melka, Abenet Tafesse, James H. Bower and Demeke Assefa
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:205
  3. Vanishing white matter disease (VWMD) is one of the most prevalent inherited leukoencephalopathies, which generally presents in childhood as a progressive disorder while less beginning in adulthood. The presen...

    Authors: Cuibai Wei, Qi Qin, Fei Chen, Aihong Zhou, Fen Wang, Xiumei Zuo, Rong Chen, Jihui Lyu and Jianping Jia
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:203
  4. Rates of thrombolysis in most countries are well below best practice benchmarks. We aimed to investigate thrombolysis utilization and its associated factors in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients in Hubei pro...

    Authors: Yanfeng Zhou, Shijiao Yan, Xingyue Song, Yanhong Gong, Wenzhen Li, Mengdie Wang, Xiaoxv Yin, Bo Hu and Zuxun Lu
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:202
  5. Primary central nervous system (CNS) small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), as a type of low-grade lymphoma, is extremely rare. The diagnosis of CNS SLL is challenging due to its variable clinical and radiological ...

    Authors: Rongjing Guo, Xiaolong Zhang, Chunxiao Niu, Yibin Xi, Hong Yin, Hong Lin and Ting Chang
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:200
  6. Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported errors in reference citations found in Table 1.

    Authors: Carolin Siegert, Björn Hauptmann, Nicole Jochems, Andreas Schrader and Ruth Deck
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:199

    The original article was published in BMC Neurology 2019 19:143

  7. Myofibrillar myopathies (MFMs) are a genetically heterogeneous group of muscle disorders. Mutations in the filamin C gene (FLNC) have previously been identified in patients with MFM. The phenotypes of FLNC-relate...

    Authors: Juanjuan Chen, Jun Wu, Chunxi Han, Yao Li, Yuzu Guo and Xiaoxin Tong
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:198
  8. Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) using stent retriever assisted vacuum-locked extraction (SAVE) is a promising method for anterior circulation strokes. We present our experience with SAVE for large vessel occlusio...

    Authors: Volker Maus, Hanna Styczen, Jan Liman, Ilko Maier, Alex Brehm, Ioannis Tsogkas and Marios-Nikos Psychogios
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:197
  9. Recovery of upper limb function in individuals after a stroke remains challenging. Modified constraint-induced movement therapy (m-CIMT) has strong evidence for increasing the use and recovery of sensorimotor ...

    Authors: Erika Shirley Moreira da Silva, Gabriela Lopes Santos, Aparecida Maria Catai, Alexandra Borstad, Natália Pereira Duarte Furtado, Isabela Arruda Verzola Aniceto and Thiago Luiz Russo
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:196

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Neurology 2019 19:225

  10. Previous studies have shown that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment or dementia in the elderly, leading to deleterious health effects and decreasing quality ...

    Authors: Talha Mubashir, Lusine Abrahamyan, Ayan Niazi, Deween Piyasena, Abdul A. Arif, Jean Wong, Ricardo S. Osorio, Clodagh M. Ryan and Frances Chung
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:195
  11. Coffee consumption represents a negative risk factor for Parkinson’s disease (PD) and seems to affect PD motor symptoms. We aimed to investigate the association between coffee consumption and motor symptoms in...

    Authors: Bang-Hoon Cho, Seong-Min Choi and Byeong C. Kim
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:194
  12. Emotional processes and responses are underestimated in stroke patients because the massive clinical picture of large hemispheric strokes often hides these symptoms. We report on a patient with peculiar unplea...

    Authors: Mariagiovanna Cantone, Giuseppe Lanza, Rita Bella, Giovanni Pennisi, Paola Santalucia, Placido Bramanti and Manuela Pennisi
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:193
  13. Neurological disorders are the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Available evidence on urban–rural differences on neurological diseases is scare in such countries. Our study...

    Authors: Safia Awan, Alam Ibrahim Siddiqi, Ahmed Asif, Naveeduddin Ahmed, Hazim Brohi, Sajad Jalbani and Mohammad Wasay
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:192
  14. We studied the efficacy and safety of a second dose of lasmiditan for acute treatment of migraine.

    Authors: Li Shen Loo, Brian M. Plato, Ira M. Turner, Michael G. Case, Joel Raskin, Sherie A. Dowsett and John H. Krege
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:191
  15. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare complication of patients treated with fingolimod.

    Authors: Tim Sinnecker, Jeffrie Hadisurya, Tilman Schneider-Hohendorf, Nicholas Schwab, Karsten Wrede, Oliver Gembruch, Ralf Gold, Kerstin Hellwig, Sara Pilgram-Pastor, Ortwin Adams, Philipp Albrecht, Hans-Peter Hartung, Orhan Aktas and Markus Kraemer
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:190
  16. Lumbosacral lipomas (LLs) may remain asymptomatic or lead to progressive neurological deterioration. However, sudden neurological deterioration is a rare and severe event. Herein, we report rare occurrences of...

    Authors: Luca Massimi, Thailane Maria Feitosa Chaves, François Yves Legninda Sop, Paolo Frassanito, Gianpiero Tamburrini and Massimo Caldarelli
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:189
  17. Presenilin-1 (PSEN1) is one of the causative genes for early onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD). Recently, emerging studies reported several novel PSEN1 mutations among Asian. We describe a male with EOAD had a ...

    Authors: Vo Van Giau, Jung-Min Pyun, Jeewon Suh, Eva Bagyinszky, Seong Soo A. An and Sang Yun Kim
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:188
  18. Stroke is the second-leading global cause of death behind heart disease in 2013 and is a major cause of permanent disability. The burden of stroke in terms of mortality, morbidity and disability is increasing ...

    Authors: Ginenus Fekadu, Legese Chelkeba and Ayantu Kebede
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:187
  19. The topographic location of acute pontine infarction is associated with clinical syndromes and prognosis. Previous studies focused on isolated pontine infarction, but the topographic location of unisolated pon...

    Authors: Jiehong Huang, Zhihua Qiu, Piansi Zhou, Jianming Li, Yingxin Chen, Ruiyun Huang, Chujing Li, Xilin Ouyang, Huazhuo Feng, Hanqing Xu, Dezhi Liu, Zheng Dai, Juehua Zhu, Xinfeng Liu, Hongbing Chen and Yongjun Jiang
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:186
  20. Interleukin 36 (IL-36) cytokines belong to the IL-1 family and play an important role in some autoimmune diseases. However, the relationship between IL-36 and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) re...

    Authors: Chun-Sheng Yang, Qiu xia Zhang, Yu Deng, Bing jie Zhou, Lin jie Zhang, Li min Li, Yuan Qi, Jing Wang, Li Yang and Fu-Dong Shi
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:185
  21. Pembrolizumab is an immune-checkpoints inhibitor that enhances the immune response against cancer cells and therefore is useful for the treatment of several carcinomas. However, pembrolizumab sometimes perturb...

    Authors: Hikaru Kamo, Taku Hatano, Kazuaki Kanai, Nozomi Aoki, Daiki Kamiyama, Kazumasa Yokoyama, Masashi Takanashi, Yuri Yamashita, Yasushi Shimo and Nobutaka Hattori
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:184
  22. Stroke is the second-leading global cause of death behind heart disease in 2013 and is a major cause of permanent disability. The burden of stroke in terms of mortality, morbidity and disability is increasing ...

    Authors: Ginenus Fekadu, Legese Chelkeba and Ayantu Kebede
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:183

    The Retraction Note to this article has been published in BMC Neurology 2019 19:327

  23. Hypothalamic lesions, such as tumors and demyelinating diseases, reportedly cause abnormal sleepiness. However, stroke involving the hypothalamus has rarely been described. Here, we report a patient with infar...

    Authors: Takeo Matsubara, Keisuke Suzuki, Akiko Kawasaki, Masayuki Miyamoto, Madoka Okamura, Takashi Kanbayashi, Hidehiro Takekawa, Toshiki Nakamura, Yuji Watanabe, Masanori Matsubara and Koichi Hirata
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:182
  24. Optimizing thrombolytic therapy is vital for improving stroke outcomes. We aimed to develop standardized thrombolysis conditions to evaluate the efficacy of tenecteplase (TNK) compared to the current gold stan...

    Authors: Tobias Frühwald, Ulrich Gärtner, Nils Stöckmann, Jan-Henning Marxsen, Carolin Gramsch and Florian C. Roessler
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:181
  25. This study examined how intracranial large artery stenosis (ILAS), symptomatic and asymptomatic ILAS, and risk factors affect unfavorable outcome events after medical treatment in routine clinical practice.

    Authors: K. C. Chang, I. C. Chuang, Y. C. Huang, C. Y. Wu, W. C. Lin, Y. L. Kuo, T. H. Lee and S. J. Ryu
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:180
  26. Cognitive dysfunction is highly prevalent in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and a large proportion of patients eventually develops PD-related dementia. Currently, no effective treatment is available. Cognitive train...

    Authors: Tim D. van Balkom, Henk W. Berendse, Ysbrand D. van der Werf, Jos W. R. Twisk, Iris Zijlstra, Rob H. Hagen, Tanja Berk, Chris Vriend and Odile A. van den Heuvel
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:179
  27. B-mode and Color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) are the methods of choice for screening and determining the degree of Carotid artery stenosis. The evaluation of stenosis with calcification may be hampered by a...

    Authors: Estelle E. Seyman, Natan Bornstein, Eitan Auriel, Oren Cohen, Tania Nissel and Hen Hallevi
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:178
  28. Insulin resistance (IR) in relation to diabetes is a risk factor for ischemic stroke (IS), whereas less is known about non-diabetic IR and outcome after IS.

    Authors: Daniel Åberg, N. David Åberg, Katarina Jood, Lukas Holmegaard, Petra Redfors, Christian Blomstrand, Jörgen Isgaard, Christina Jern and Johan Svensson
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:177
  29. Elevated levels of plasma D-dimer increase the risk of ischemic stroke, stroke severity, and the progression of stroke status, but the association between plasma D-dimer level and functional outcome is unclear...

    Authors: Tao Yao, Bo-Lin Tian, Gang Li, Qin Cui, Cui-fang Wang, Qi Zhang, Bo Peng, Yan Gao, Yan-Qiang Zhan, Dan Hu, Lu Xu and Gao-Hua Wang
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:175
  30. Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a serious, often irreversible movement disorder caused by prolonged exposure to antipsychotics; identifying patients at risk for TD is critical to preventing it. Predictive models fo...

    Authors: Oscar Patterson-Lomba, Rajeev Ayyagari and Benjamin Carroll
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:174
  31. Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients often struggle with treatment decisions, in part due to the increasing number of approved disease modifying therapies, each with different characteristics, and also since physi...

    Authors: Nick Bansback, Judy A. Chiu, Robert Carruthers, Rebecca Metcalfe, Emmanuelle Lapointe, Alice Schabas, Marilyn Lenzen, Larry D. Lynd and Anthony Traboulsee
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:173
  32. Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a life-changing experience for the individuals with SCI and their families. This study aimed to investigate physical strategies used for overcoming physical disability in individual...

    Authors: Alireza Nikbakht-Nasrabadi, Nooredin Mohammadi, Manijeh Yazdanshenas and Maryam Shabany
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:171
  33. Myasthenia gravis is the most common disease affecting the neuromuscular junction. The most common etiology among patients with juvenile myasthenia gravis is the production of antibodies against the acetylchol...

    Authors: Cheng-Che Chou, I-Chen Su, I-Jun Chou, Jainn-Jim Lin, Shih-Yun Lan, Yi-Shan Wang, Shu-Sing Kong, Yun-Ju Chen, Meng-Ying Hsieh, Po-Cheng Hung, Huei-Shyong Wang, Min-Liang Chou and Kuang-Lin Lin
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:170
  34. The coexistence of distinct neurodegenerative diseases in single cases has recently attracted greater attention. The phenotypic co-occurrence of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and amyotrophic lateral scl...

    Authors: Koji Fujita, Tomoyasu Matsubara, Ryosuke Miyamoto, Hiroyuki Sumikura, Toshiaki Takeuchi, Keiko Maruyama Saladini, Toshitaka Kawarai, Hiroyuki Nodera, Fukashi Udaka, Kodai Kume, Hiroyuki Morino, Hideshi Kawakami, Masato Hasegawa, Ryuji Kaji, Shigeo Murayama and Yuishin Izumi
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:168
  35. Higher circulating levels of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 early after ischemic stroke have been associated with lower survival. The objectives of this study were to determine serum TI...

    Authors: Leonardo Lorente, María M. Martín, Luis Ramos, Mónica Argueso, Juan J. Cáceres, Jordi Solé-Violán, Alejandro Jiménez, Juan M. Borreguero-León, Agustín F. González-Rivero, Josune Orbe, José A. Rodríguez and José A. Páramo
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:167
  36. Acquired epileptiform opercular syndrome (AEOS) with electrical status epilepticus during sleep (ESES) may be recurrent and intractable. The real-time transcranial Doppler ultrasound–sleep-deprived video elect...

    Authors: Bing-Wei Peng, Hui-Ci Liang, Jia-Ling Li, Si-Yuan Yang, Wei Liang, Feng-Qiong Zhang and Wen-Xiong Chen
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:166
  37. Nowadays, few surgery analysis has been reported in cases of epilepsy after viral encephalitis(VE). Herein, this study was to evaluate the efficacy of surgery and capability of stereoelectroencephalography (SE...

    Authors: Yi-Ou Liu, Wen-Jing Zhou, Bo Hong, Tong Zhao and Yue-feng Wang
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:165
  38. The exact relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] levels and small vessel disease (SVD) are not clear in China. The aim of this study was to determine such the association between 25(OH) D and SVD ...

    Authors: Junzeng Si, Kuibao Li, Peiyan Shan and Junliang Yuan
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:164
  39. Patients with vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia usually have persistent hemodynamic abnormalities, and therefore, may bear an increased risk of stroke. This study aimed to identify risk factors for stroke recurre...

    Authors: Zhaoyao Chen, Shuai Zhang, Zhengze Dai, Xi Cheng, Minghua Wu, Qiliang Dai, Xinfeng Liu and Gelin Xu
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:163
  40. Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity (PSH) is a frequently observed condition among critically ill patients on intensive care units. According to different studies, PSH is associated with worse recovery and in...

    Authors: Alan Totikov, Melanie Boltzmann, Simone B. Schmidt and Jens D. Rollnik
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:162
  41. Epilepsy is a common neurological disease with substantial impact on the subject and their caretakers. This exploratory study identified barriers to care for persons living with epilepsy (PLWE) to develop a cu...

    Authors: Mark Kaddumukasa, Haddy Nalubwama, Martin N. Kaddumukasa, Samden Lhatoo, Nelson Sewankambo, Elly Katabira, Martha Sajatovic and Carol Blixen
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:161
  42. Our understanding of the etiology, pathophysiology, phenotypic diversity, and progression of Parkinson’s disease has stagnated. Consequently, patients do not receive the best care, leading to unnecessary disab...

    Authors: B. R. Bloem, W. J. Marks Jr., A. L. Silva de Lima, M. L. Kuijf, T. van Laar, B. P. F. Jacobs, M. M. Verbeek, R. C. Helmich, B. P. van de Warrenburg, L. J. W. Evers, J. intHout, T. van de Zande, T. M. Snyder, R. Kapur and M. J. Meinders
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:160
  43. Glatiramer acetate (GA) is one of the first therapies approved for multiple sclerosis (MS). We prospectively included and monitored drug-naïve and pre-treated MS patients who had been prescribed GA for 1 year,...

    Authors: Chiara Zecca, Giulio Disanto, Rosaria Sacco, Gianna C. Riccitelli and Claudio Gobbi
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:159
  44. Loss-of-function mutations in the CLCN2 gene were recently discovered to be a cause of a type of leukodystrophy named CLCN2-related leukoencephalopathy (CC2L), which is characterized by intramyelinic edema. Herei...

    Authors: Zhuoxin Guo, Tingting Lu, Lisheng Peng, Huanhuan Cheng, Fuhua Peng, Jin Li, Zhengqi Lu, Shaoqiong Chen and Wei Qiu
    Citation: BMC Neurology 2019 19:156

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