Fig. 5

Structural Evolution of Wild-Type and Mutant Proteins Over 300 ns MD Simulations. The comparative progression of the wild-type and mutant protein models (SLC9A6_G448R and SLC13A3_P493L) during the 300 ns Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation is illustrated. Snapshots taken every 30 ns offer a visual representation of changes in protein conformation and dynamics throughout the simulation period. Affected mutation sites are distinctly highlighted: for SLC9A6_G448R, the focus is on the intact ion-binding site, while for SLC13A3_P493L, it’s on the regions around the Na+- and substrate-binding sites, showcasing their dynamic fluctuations