Table 3 Multilevel logistic regression analysis of factors associated with Neurolathyrism in Dawunt wereda, North Wollo zone, Northeastern Ethiopia; 2021

Random effects

ICC (95% CI)

0.573

(0.435, 0.701)

0.593

(0.431, 0.738)

0.414

(0.269, 0.576)

0.384

(0.227, 0.569)

PCV

Reference

-8.5%

47.4%

53.6%

Variance (SE)

4.42

(1.26)

4.80

(1.61)

2.33

(0.77)

2.05

(0.79)

MOR

11.49

12.74

5.89

5.27

Model fitness

AIC

709.218

653.065

607.089

538.545

BIC

721.451

726.466

698.839

679.229

Log likelihood

-352.609

-314.533

-288.544

-246.272

Individual level variables

Age group

1-17years

11

1397

1

1

18-64years

69

1828

5.39*

(1.93, 15.04)

7.38***

(2.64, 20.61)

< 0.001

65⁺years

1

44

1.16

(0.08, 17.14)

1.42

(0.11, 19.02)

0.792

Sex

Male

66

1554

6.54*

(3.32, 12.89)

7.76***

(3.91, 15.40)

< 0.001

Female

15

1715

1

1

Educational status

No formal education

41

1320

2.95*

(0.91, 9.59)

3.18

(0.99, 10.23)

0.052

Primary

25

1282

2.02*

(0.78, 5.29)

2.39

(0.93, 6.18)

0.071

Secondary⁺

15

667

1

1

Marital status

Married

40

1201

1

1

Divorced

3

35

4.76*

(0.80, 28.28)

2.05

(0.29, 14.13)

0.468

Widowed

1

32

1.74

(0.15, 20.38)

0.80

(0.08, 8.59)

0.856

Not ever married^X

37

2001

2.99*

(0.92, 9.68)

4.02**

(1.26, 12.81)

0.018

Occupation

Farmer

44

1151

1.77

(0.52, 6.02)

2.00

(0.63, 6.34)

0.238

Not occupied^Y

3

432

0.32*

(0.06, 1.83)

0.27

(0.05, 1.54

0.140

Non-farmer^Z

34

1686

1

1

Household level variables

Family size

< 5

24

673

11.96*

(2.93, 48.75)

12.64***

(3.02, 52.81)

0.001

5–7

51

2065

3.75*

(1.04, 13.49)

3.27

(0.90, 11.85)

0.072

> 7

6

531

1

1

Average monthly income

< 1000 ETB

71

2692

3.43*

(0.58, 20.30)

3.57

(0.59, 21.66)

0.166

1000–2000 ETB

8

347

2.69

(0.37, 19.40)

2.75

(0.37, 20.24)

0.320

> 2000 ETB

2

230

1

1

Main income source

Farming

80

3161

3.18

(0.13, 78.75)

Non-farming

1

108

1

Farming land

Yes

80

3225

0.51

(0.02, 17.17)

No

1

44

1

Annual grass pea production

< 6quintals

36

2370

1

1

6 quintals⁺

45

899

4.66*

(2.14, 10.14)

4.99***

(2.26, 10.99)

< 0.001

Family ever feed grass pea only

Yes

30

210

8.32*

(3.29, 21.02)

8.75***

(3.45, 22.21)

< 0.001

No

51

3059

1

1

Main cooking utensils

Clay materials

72

2685

1.88*

(0.67, 5.27)

2.04

(0.70, 5.91)

0.190

Non-clay materials

9

584

1

1

Grass pea to other cereals mixing ratio

< 1:1

63

3104

1

1

1:1 to 3:1

12

132

3.32*

(1.03, 10.70)

3.78**

(1.16, 12.28)

0.027

> 3:1

6

33

5.48*

(0.91, 33.02)

6.05**

(1.09, 33.47)

0.039

Ever feeding roasted grass pea

Yes

23

391

2.01*

(0.81, 4.99)

2.10

(0.85, 5.16)

0.107

No

58

2878

1

1

Ever feeding immature seeds

Yes

47

506

5.38*

(2.42, 11.97)

6.28***

(2.80, 14.08)

< 0.001

No

34

2810

1

1