Table 2 Univariate analysis to identify risk factors associated with haemorrhagic transformation in patients with acute ischaemic stroke
Characteristic | Total patients (n = 2043) | With HT (n = 232) | Without HT (n = 1811) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (Mean ± SD), years | 65 ± 14 | 68 ± 14 | 64 ± 14 | < 0.001a |
Males, n (%) | 1290 (63.1%) | 113 (48.7%) | 1177 (65.0%) | < 0.001b |
Medical history, n (%) | ||||
 Hypertension, n (%) | 1132 (55.4%) | 115 (49.5%) | 1017 (56.2%) | 0.864b |
 Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 467 (22.9%) | 52 (22.4%) | 415 (22.9%) | 0.528b |
 Hyperlipidaemia, n (%) | 75 (3.7%) | 7 (3.0%) | 68 (3.8%) | 0.574b |
 Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 235 (11.5%) | 69 (29.7%) | 166 (9.2%) | < 0.001b |
Smoking, n (%) | 864 (42.3%) | 83 (35.8%) | 781 (43.1%) | 0.033b |
Alcohol consumption, n (%) | 560 (27.4%) | 51 (22.0%) | 509 (28.1%) | 0.049b |
TOAST classification | ||||
 Large-artery atherosclerosis, n (%) | 671 (32.8%) | 73 (31.5%) | 598 (33.0%) | < 0.001b |
 Small-artery occlusion, n (%) | 484 (23.7%) | 4 (1.7%) | 480 (26.5%) |  |
 Cardioembolic, n (%) | 434 (21.2%) | 111 (47.8%) | 323 (17.8%) |  |
 Undetermined aetiology, n (%) | 386 (18.9%) | 40 (16.1%) | 346 (19.3%) |  |
 Other aetiology, n (%) | 68 (3.3%) | 4 (1.7%) | 64 (3.5%) |  |
NIHSS on admission, median (IQR) | 5 (2–10) | 11(6–18) | 5 (2–10) | < 0.001c |
SBP, (Mean ± SD), mmHg | 146 ± 23 | 140 ± 23 | 146 ± 23 | < 0.001a |
DBP, (Mean ± SD), mmHg | 85 ± 15 | 84 ± 16 | 86 ± 15 | 0.048a |
Glucose, (Mean ± SD), mmol/L | 7.97 ± 3.45 | 8.16 ± 2.52 | 7.94 ± 3.55 | 0.233a |
Thrombolysis, n (%) | 107 (5.2%) | 27 (11.6%) | 80 (4.4%) | < 0.001b |
Thrombectomy, n (%) | 102 (5.0%) | 24 (10.3%) | 78 (4.3%) | < 0.001b |
Lipid profile | ||||
 TG, (Mean ± SD), mmol/L | 1.68 ± 1.32 | 1.37 ± 1.01 | 1.72 ± 1.35 | < 0.001a |
 TC, (Mean ± SD), mmol/L | 4.38 ± 1.13 | 4.18 ± 1.11 | 4.41 ± 1.14 | 0.003a |
 HDL-C, (Mean ± SD), mmol/L | 1.24 ± 0.37 | 1.32 ± 0.44 | 1.23 ± 0.36 | 0.005a |
 LDL-C, (Mean ± SD), mmol/L | 2.64 ± 0.95 | 2.44 ± 0.86 | 2.66 ± 0.95 | < 0.001a |
 Non-HDL-C, (Mean ± SD), mmol/L | 3.14 ± 1.11 | 2.86 ± 1.05 | 3.18 ± 1.11 | < 0.001a |