Table 2 Descriptive statistics of the 24 items of the WHOQOL-BREF measurement model (individuals with self-reported chronic headache residing in Austria, Austrian Health Interview Survey, 2013–2015, n = 963)
Item numbera | Item content | Mean | sd | Skewness | Kurtosis | p-valueb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3. | To what extent do you feel that physical pain prevents you from doing what you need to do?1 | 2.36 | 1.20 | 0.52 | 2.24 | < 0.001 |
4. | How much do you need any medical treatment to function in your daily life?1 | 2.07 | 1.26 | 0.90 | 2.55 | < 0.001 |
5. | How much do you enjoy life?1 | 3.60 | 0.88 | −0.40 | 2.99 | < 0.001 |
6. | To what extent do you feel your life to be meaningful?1 | 4.03 | 0.96 | −0.96 | 3.59 | < 0.001 |
7. | How well are you able to concentrate?2 | 3.72 | 0.84 | −0.51 | 3.29 | < 0.001 |
8. | How safe do you feel in your daily life? 2 | 3.90 | 0.80 | −0.68 | 3.90 | < 0.001 |
9. | How healthy is your physical environment? 2 | 3.93 | 0.83 | −0.69 | 3.92 | < 0.001 |
10. | Do you have enough energy for everyday life?3 | 3.61 | 0.89 | −0.32 | 2.80 | < 0.001 |
11. | Are you able to accept your bodily appearance?3 | 3.89 | 0.92 | −0.69 | 3.41 | < 0.001 |
12. | Have you enough money to meet your needs?3 | 3.31 | 1.11 | −0.24 | 2.40 | < 0.001 |
13. | How available to you is the information that you need in your day-to-day life?3 | 4.19 | 0.86 | −0.93 | 3.44 | < 0.001 |
14. | To what extent do you have the opportunity for leisure activities?3 | 3.66 | 1.07 | −0.38 | 2.35 | < 0.001 |
15. | How well are you able to get around?4 | 4.19 | 0.90 | −0.98 | 3.46 | < 0.001 |
16. | How satisfied are you with your sleep?5 | 3.44 | 1.18 | −0.50 | 2.32 | < 0.001 |
17. | How satisfied are you with your ability to perform your daily living activities?5 | 3.84 | 0.98 | −0.85 | 3.31 | < 0.001 |
18. | How satisfied are you with your capacity for work?5 | 3.74 | 1.13 | −0.91 | 3.07 | < 0.001 |
19. | How satisfied are you with yourself?5 | 3.86 | 0.95 | −0.86 | 3.45 | < 0.001 |
20. | How satisfied are you with your personal relationships?5 | 4.09 | 0.96 | −1.14 | 4.12 | < 0.001 |
21. | How satisfied are you with your sex life?5 | 3.56 | 1.09 | −0.71 | 2.98 | < 0.001 |
22. | How satisfied are you with the support you get from your friends?5 | 3.90 | 0.93 | −1.03 | 4.27 | < 0.001 |
23. | How satisfied are you with the conditions of your living place?5 | 4.18 | 0.93 | −1.23 | 4.31 | < 0.001 |
24. | How satisfied are you with your access to health services?5 | 3.98 | 0.89 | −1.06 | 4.38 | < 0.001 |
25. | How satisfied are you with your transport?5 | 3.87 | 0.99 | −0.93 | 3.66 | < 0.001 |
26. | How often do you have negative feelings such as blue mood, despair, anxiety, depression?6 | 2.63 | 1.00 | 0.32 | 2.55 | < 0.001 |