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Table 2 Predictors of emergence from disorder of consciousness in univariate analysis

From: Neurobehavioral recovery in patients who emerged from prolonged disorder of consciousness: a retrospective study

Variable

EDoC (n = 23)

PDoC (n = 27)

p-value†

HR (95% CI)‡

p- value‡

Sex

 Male

16 (50)

16 (50)

0.645

reference

 

 Female

7 (38.9)

11 (61.1)

 

0.44 (0.17, 1.15)

0.093

Age

 Median (IQR)

46 (34, 62.5)

46 (20, 60)

0.326

1.02 (0.99, 1.04)

0.115

Level of consciousness

 VS/UWS

4 (16)

21 (84)

< 0.001

reference

 

 MCS

19 (76)

6 (24)

 

4.49 (1.52, 13.27)

0.007

Total CRS-R score

 Median (IQR)

13 (10,16)

5 (4, 7.5)

< 0.001

1.16 (1.06, 1.28)

0.002

  ≤ 6*

1 (5.6)

17 (94.4)

 

reference

 

  > 6

22 (68.8)

10 (31.2)

 

10.02 (1.34, 74.61)

0.028

Etiology

 TBI

14 (48.3)

15 (51.7)

0.927

reference

 

 Non-TBI

9 (42.9)

12 (57.1)

 

0.8 (0.3, 1.9)

0.61

Injury Type (n = 46)

 Extra-axial hemorrhage

7 (87.5)

1 (12.5)

0.014

reference

 

 Intra-axial lesion

13 (34.2)

25 (65.8)

 

0.09 (0.03, 0.24)

< 0.001

Lag Time (days)

 Median (IQR)

133 (86, 212.5)

222 (126, 443.5)

0.048

0.99 (0.98, 0.99)

< 0.001

  ≤ 528*

21 (48.8)

22 (51.2)

 

reference

 

  > 528

2 (28.6)

5 (71.4)

 

0.10 (0.01, 0.78)

0.028

Hydrocephalus

 Present

11 (40.7)

16 (59.3)

0.6

reference

 

 Absent

12 (52.2)

11 (47.8)

 

1.77 (0.78, 4.06)

0.174

VP shunt

 Present

8 (50)

8 (50)

0.932

reference

 

 Absent

15 (44.1)

19 (55.9)

 

1.28 (0.54, 3.04)

0.573

Cranioplasty

 Present

10 (43.5)

13 (56.5)

0.964

reference

 

 Absent

13 (48.1)

14 (51.9)

 

1.69 (0.73, 3.91)

0.218

Anticonvulsants

 Continued

15 (45.5)

18 (54.5)

> 0.999

reference

 

 Discontinued/not taking

8 (47.1)

9 (52.9)

 

1.19 (0.5, 2.86)

0.694

Education (n = 19)

  < 12 yrs

3 (25)

9 (75)

0.156

reference

 

  ≥ 12 yrs

20 (54.1)

17 (45.9)

 

1.95 (0.58, 6.6)

0.282

  1. Values are presented as median (IQR) or number (%)
  2. CRS-R JFK Coma Recovery Scale-Revised, VS/UWS vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome, MCS minimally conscious state, EDoC emergence from disorder of consciousness, PDoC prolonged disorder of consciousness, TBI traumatic brain injury, HR hazard ratio
  3. *The optimal cutoff values of each variable were determined by maximally selected log-rank statistics
  4. †P-value for the difference was determined by chi-squared, Fisher’s exact, the Wilcoxon rank-sum tests
  5. ‡Hazard ratio and p-value were calculated by univariate Cox proportional hazards regression
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BMC Neurology

ISSN: 1471-2377

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