Table 1 Reported patients with gait disturbances or postural instabilities following a lesion confined to the frontal lobe
From: Paroxysmal freezing of gait in a patient with mesial frontal transient ischemic attacks
Reference | Lesion sites | Gait disturbances & postural instabilities | Other neurologic deficits | Characters of lesion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sakakibara et al. [14] | bilateral medial frontal | shuffling gait | tinnitus, deafness, hallucination, versive seizure, disorientation, inattention | MRI: neurosarcoidosis |
Chung et al. [19] | Lt. medial frontal | gait initiation disturbance | severe bilateral lower extremity bradykinesia | MRI: ischemic stroke |
Nadeau et al. [20] | Bilateral parasaggital white matter | gait ignition difficulty | bilateral paratonia, retropulsion in sitting position | MRI: Primary CNS lymphoma |
Ducruet et al. [15] | Rt. medial frontal | ataxic gait | Lt. hemiparesis | CT: hemorrhage |
Wada et al. [16] | Rt. SMA | astasia | Â | MRI: infarction |
Robbins et al. [18] | Rt. Parasagittal frontal | freezing of gait | speech impairment, axial bradykinesia, balance disturbance | MRI: cortical vein thrombosis |
Frassanito et al. [17] | Rt. basal frontal | gait instability | Â | MRI: tumor excision |
Della et al. [21] | Bilateral frontal | gait apraxia | spastic paraplegia, disequilibrium, loss of postural reflexes | MRI: infarction |
Present case | Lt. mesial frontal | freezing of gait of the right leg | Â | MRI: ischemia |