Table 1 Main characteristics of potential diagnostic biomarkers for TIA

B-FABP

Brain-type fatty acid binding protein

Protein involved in the intracellular transport and oxidation of fatty acids, and membrane lipid trafficking, expressed in glial cells

Wunderlich, et al. [20]

H-FABP

Heart-type fatty acid binding protein

Protein involved in the intracellular transport and oxidation of fatty acids, and membrane lipid trafficking, expressed in myocardium but also in neuronal cell bodies in the central nervous system

Wunderlich, et al. [20]

PARK7

Parkinson protein 7

RNA binding protein regulatory subunit, protects neurons against oxidative stress and cell death

Allard, et al. [21]

NDKA

Nucleoside diphosphate kinase A

Enzyme catalysing transfer of phosphate groups between nucleoside tri-phosphates and nucleoside diphosphates (e.g. ATP to GDP), expressed in neurons

Allard, et al. [21]

UFDP

Ubiquitin fusion degradation protein 1

Enzyme in the pathway for degrading ubiquitin-protein conjugates, involved in protein degradation in cell damage

Allard, et al. [22]

NR2A/2B

N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits

Product of the proteolytic degradation of NMDA receptors (part of the ischaemic cascade in the brain)

Dambinova, et al. [23]

NR2A/2B Ab

N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antibodies

Antibodies to NMDA receptor fragments

Weismann, et al. [24]