Cognitive tests | Controls | Stroke patients | P value b | Cohen’s d |
---|---|---|---|---|
Executive/Activation | Â | Â | Â | Â |
ANT | 17.2 ± 4.0 | 11.9 ± 4.1 | <0.001 | 1.31 |
WAIS-III Digit symbol-coding | 22.4 ± 7.9 | 3.4 ± 6.6 | <0.001 | 1.24 |
TMT A time (sec) | 45.7 ± 15.5 | 90.7 ± 59.1 | 0.001 | 1.04 |
TMT B time (sec) | 108.2 ± 42.3 | 176.4 ± 97.4 | 0.009 | 0.92 |
Domain z score |  | −1.01 |  |  |
Language | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Modified BNT | 11.4 ± 2.2 | 8.8 ± 2.7 | 0.003 | 1.03 |
Domain z score |  | −0.92 |  |  |
Visuospatial | Â | Â | Â | Â |
RCFT copy | 34.6 ± 1.8 | 30.2 ± 6.9 | 0.002 | 0.88 |
Domain z score |  | −0.80 |  |  |
Memory | Â | Â | Â | Â |
HVLT-R delayed recall | 7.6 ± 2.6 | 4.5 ± 2.7 | <0.001 | 1.16 |
RCFT delayed recall | 18.6 ± 6.3 | 11.9 ± 8.8 | <0.001 | 0.89 |
Domain z score |  | −0.93 |  |  |
Neuropsychiatric/depressive symptoms | Â | Â | Â | Â |
NPI-Qa | 2 (0–11) | 4 (0–29.5) | 0.008 | 0.41 |
GDSa | 2 (1–3) | 3 (1–7.25) | 0.024 | 0.63 |
Supplemental tests | Â | Â | Â | Â |
MMSE | 28.6 ± 1.1 | 26.3 ± 3.2 | <0.001 | 0.94 |
MoCA-BJ | 23.8 ± 2.9 | 17.9 ± 4.4 | <0.001 | 1.59 |
Protocol summary scores | Â | Â | Â | Â |
60-min | 0.46 ± 0.45 | −0.49 ± 0.72 | <0.001 | 1.57 |
30-min | 0.53 ± 0.67 | −0.53 ± 0.65 | <0.001 | 1.60 |
5-min | 0.41 ± 0.47 | −0.42 ± 0.71 | <0.001 | 1.38 |