From: Jugular venous reflux and plasma endothelin-1 are associated with cough syncope: a case control pilot study
Both-side JVR
Plasma ET-1, pg/ml
Cough syncope/pre-syncope
pvalue
-
+
No
≦ 3.43
38 (92.7%)
3 (7.3%)
<0.001
Yes
8 (61.5%)
5 (38.5%)
> 3.43
5 (55.6%)
4 (44.4%)
0
5 (100%)