Patient, sex, age at onset in years | Underlying conditions/disease trigger | Main clinical features | Time (in days) from symptom onset to diagnosis | mRS (0–6) at admission | Brain MRI | Treatment (1) anticonvulsive medication (2) intravenous blood pressure medication | Outcome (mRS 0–6 at discharge) | Clinical and radiological reversibility |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reversible | ||||||||
#1, F, 17 | Arterial hypertension, coproporphyria | Epileptic seizure, impaired vision bilateral | 2 | 2 | T2/FLAIR hypersignal with diffusion impairment bi-parieto-temporo-occipital, centrum semiovale bilateral frontal | (1) Levetiracetam | 0 | Complete |
#2, F, 57 | Arterial hypertension, polychemotherapy, immunsuppressiva (anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), cyclosporine A (CsA), allogeneic stem cell transplantation | Headache, delirium, impaired vision; in addition to PRES Guillain-Barré syndrome | 0 | 3 | T2 hypersignal bi-parieto-occipital and bi-cerebellar, diffusion impairment cortical bi-occipital, contrast enhancement | (2) Urapidil | 6 (due to septic shock) | Complete |
#3, F, 36 | Eclampsia in the puerperium (condition after sectio 3 days ago), hypertensive crisis | Epileptic seizure, headache | 2 | 2 | T2/FLAIR hypersignal (white matter) biparieto-occipital, right frontal and lateral of left basal ganglia; sulcal subarachnoidal hemorrhage left temporal | (2) Urapidil, dihydralazine | 0 | Complete |
#4, F, 53 | Arterial hypertension, immunsuppressiva (tacrolimus), condition after kidney transplantation | Headache, impaired vision, epileptic seizures, delirium, impaired consciousness | 1 | 4 | T2 hypersignal (juxtacortical) bi-fronto-parietal, intracerebral hemorrhage with edema bi-occipital (right > left), sulcal subarachnoidal hemorrhage right temporo-parietal and insular | (1) Levetiracetam, phenytoine (2) Clonidine, dihydralazine | 3 | Incomplete |
#5, M, 29 | Arterial hypertension | Headache, loss of vision both sides | 3 | 4 | T2 hypersignal subcortical bi-occipital and left temporo-parietal | (1) Levetiracetam | 2 | Incomplete |
#6, M, 72 | Arterial hypertension | Epileptic seizure, confusion, impaired vision, impaired consciousness | 0 | 4 | FLAIR hypersignal (cortical and subcortical) bi-temporo-occipital, hemorrhagic transformation, intrasulcal subarachnoidal hemorrhage bi-temporo-occipital; spinal ischemia (A. spinalis anterior, thoracic T8 extending to the conus) | (1) Levetiracetam (2) Urapidil | 4 | Incomplete |
#7, M, 66 | Serotonin syndrome due to venlafaxine with hypertension, tachykardia and fever | delirium, hallucinations, impaired consciousness | 1 | 5 | T2/FLAIR hypersignal bi-cerebellar, bi-parieto-temporal, left frontal, diffusion impairment right post-central and right cerebellar; contrast enhancement of the meninges | (1) Levetiracetam (2) Urapidil, metoprolol | 3 | Incomplete |
Non-Reversible | ||||||||
#8, F, 39 | Arterial hypertension | Impaired vision bilateral, fundus hypertonicus | 13 | 2 | T2 hypersignal subcortical bihemispheric, more temporomesial, bi-cerebellar, in pons, medulla oblongata, contrast enhancement | (2) Urapidil, dihydralazine, clonidine | 1 | No |
#9, F, 34 | Arterial hypertension, end-stage renal failure with bilateral nephrectomy and dialysis | Headache, cortical blindness, epileptic seizures with convulsive focal status epilepticus | 0 | 4 | T2/FLAIR hypersignal bi-parieto-occipital, cortical and subcortical, diffusion lesions bihemispheric (bi-occipital, right temporal, left frontal) | (1) Levetiracetam (2) Urapidil, clonidine, dihydralazine | 4 | No |
#10, F, 54 | Arterial hypertension | Impaired consciousness, anisocoria, facial nerve paralysis left, gaze paresis | 7 | 2 | T2 hypersignal subcortical bihemispheric, diffusion impairment bi-cerebellar, in pons, medulla oblongata and basal ganglia bilateral, contrast enhancement in the capsula interna right | (2) Urapidil, dihydralazine | 5 | Progressive |
#11, F, 57 | Arterial hypertension; hypertensive encephalopathy (PRES) in the history 5 years ago | Headache, nausea, vomiting, generalized epileptic seizures with convulsive status epilepticus, mnestic deficits, agitation, impaired consciousness | 7 | 3 | Extensive symmetric and bihemispheric diffusion impairment (frontal, parietooccipital, cerebellar, temporal) with T2/FLAIR hypersignal (subcortical and cortical) | (1) Levetiracetam, valproate | 6 (due to PRES) | Progressive |
#12, M, 71 | Arterial hypertension | Epileptic seizures with convulsive and later non-convulsive status epilepticus, delirium | 10 | 3 | T2 hypersignal (subcortical and cortical) bi-occipital, bi-cerebellar, corpus callosum, mesencephalon | (1) Levetiracetam, valproate, lacosamide (2) Urapidil | 6 (due to PRES) | Progressive |
Not-available | ||||||||
#13, F, 73 | Arterial hypertension | Epileptic seizures, delirium | 1 | 4 | Extensive bihemispheric white matter edema (right frontal, right parietooccipital, left occipital) with T2/FLAIR hypersignal (subcortical), small diffusion impairment right temporal | (1) Levetiracetam, lacosamide (2) Urapidil, clonidine | 3 | Transfer to another hospital |
#14, F, 29 | Arterial hypertension, eclampsia with emergency Caesarean section | Headache, epileptic seizures | 2 | 2 | T2/FLAIR hypersignal (subcortical) bi-occipital | (2) Urapidil | 0 | Transfer to another hospital |
#15, F, 48 | Arterial hypertension | Delirium, epileptic seizures with non-convulsive status epilepticus, impaired consciousness | 2 | 3 | T2 hypersignal subcortical and cortical (right > left) parieto-occipital, right thalamus | (1) Levetiracetam | 1 | Control MRI in outpatient radiology |