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Table 1 Clinical features of the past reported cases that developed PML after lung transplantation

From: Probable progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome with immunosuppressant dose reduction following lung transplantation: a case report and literature review

Case (year)

Age

/Sex

Immuno-

Suppressant regimen

Time to PML onset from transplantation (Mo)

Clinical

Symptoms

Method of diagnosis

(specimen)

Reduced immunosupressant as therapy

Treatment for PML

From PML onset to diagnosis (Mo)

Outcome (cause of death/ period from onset to death; Mo)

Ouwens JP

(2000) [3]

43/M

AZA

CsA

CS

15

Visual loss, seizure, visual hallucination, ataxia, rt.paresis, dysarthria, memory impairment

PCR (CSF)

RD

Change

(AZA→MMF→CsA)

-

13

Died (PML / 15)

Waggoner J

(2009) [4]

38/F

AZA,Tac, CS,Alemtuzumab,

43

Gait instability (ataxia)

Visual changes, confusion

PCR (CSF)

RD

cidofovir

mirtazapine

1.5 ~ 2

Died (respiratory failure / 5)

Mateen FJ

(2011) [2]

39/F

-

42

Ataxia

PCR (CSF)

RD

mirtazapine,

mefloquine

3

Died (ND / 9.1)

Mateen FJ

(2011) [2]

62/F

-

27

Memory impairment, Ataxia, lt. hemiparesis

PCR (CSF)

RD

-

< 1

Died (ND /15.6)

Lobo LJ

(2013) [5]

61/M

Rituximab

CsA

MMF

CS

13

Headache, Malaise

Memory impairment

PCR (CSF)

RD

-

ND

Neurologic symptoms exacerbation, move to hospice

Moua T

(2013) [6]

61/M

Tac

CS

5

Rt. Hemiparesis & sensory disturbance, cognitive decline, aphasia

ISH (brain biopsy)

RD

cytarabine

3

Died (ARE?/ 7)

Panchabhai TS (2016) [7]

60/F

Tac

CS

16

Lt. arm paresis, Memory impairment, visual deficits, emotional lability,

PCR (BALF & CSF)

Change (Tac→rapamycin), Discontinued

-

2

Died (respiratory failure: ARE / 3)

Present case

60/F

Tac

MMF

CS

61

Apathy

PCR (CSF)

RD

mefloquine

2

Died (respiratory failure / 5)

  1. AZA Azathioprine, CsA Cyclosporine, CS Corticosteroid, Tac Tacrolimus, MMF Mycophenolate mofetil, CSF Cerebrospinal fluid, PCR Polymerase chain reaction, ISH In-situ hybridization, BALF Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, RD Reduced doses, ND Not described, ARE Acute rejection episode,