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Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study participants

From: No association between variations in extracranial venous anatomy and clinical outcomes in multiple sclerosis patients over 5 years

 

HI (n = 38)

MS (n = 90)

p value

Female, n (%)

25 (67)

66 (73)

0.387

Baseline age (yrs); mean (SD)

45.1 (13.6)

47.3 (10.4)

0.309

Time to F/up (yrs); mean (SD)

5.4 (0.3)

5.5 (0.5)

0.342

Baseline BMI (kg/m2); mean (SD)

26.6 (5.8)

27.7 (5.9)

0.363

Follow-up BMI (kg/m2); mean (SD)

26.2 (5.2)

27.9 (5.9)

0.363

Baseline comorbidities, n (%)

 Hypertension

6 (16)

11 (12)

0.586

 Hyperlipidemia

6 (16)

11 (12)

0.586

 Diabetes

2 (5)

2 (4)

0.372

Follow-up comorbidities, n (%)

 Hypertension

9 (24)

15 (17)

0.353

 Hyperlipidemia

10 (26)

22 (23)

0.719

 Diabetes

3 (8)

4 (4)

0.433

Baseline disease duration (yrs), mean (SD)

N/A

15.3 (10.0)

N/A

Disease progression, n (%)

 CIS → RR

N/A

7 (8)

N/A

 RR → SP

11 (13)

 Remained RR

46 (51)

 SP since baseline

27 (30)

Baseline EDSS, median (IQR)

N/A

3.0 (1.5–5.5)

N/A

F/up EDSS, median (IQR)

N/A

3.5 (2.0–6.0)

N/A

∆EDSS, mean (SD); median

N/A

0.3 (0.9); 0.5

N/A

DP at F/up, n (%)

N/A

25 (28)

N/A

Annualized relapse rate at F/up, mean (SD)

N/A

0.2 (0.4)

N/A

Relapse free from baseline to follow-up, n (%)

N/A

55 (61)

N/A

Baseline DMT status, n (%)

 Interferon-beta 1a

N/A

34 (38)

N/A

 Glatiramer acetate

20 (22)

 Natalizumab

18 (20)

 Other DMT*

4 (4)

 No DMT

14 (16)

Follow-up DMT status, n (%)

 Remained on same DMT

N/A

47 (52)

N/A

 Switched to another DMT

33 (37)

 No DMT

10 (11)

  1. HI Healthy individual, MS multiple sclerosis, n number, SD standard deviation, BMI Body Mass Index, yrs Years, F/up Follow-up, CIS Clinically isolated syndrome, RR relapsing-remitting, SP secondary-progressive, DP disability progression, EDSS Expanded Disability Status Scale, ∆EDSS Absolute change in EDSS, IQR interquartile range, DMT disease-modifying treatment
  2. All p-values were calculated using independent-sample t-test, Mann Whitney U-test and chi-square test as appropriate
  3. *Other DMTs include intravenous immunoglobulin, mitoxantrone and azathioprine