Characteristic | Non-Telestroke | Telestroke | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No rtPA (N = 266) | rtPA (N = 168) | P-Value | No rtPA (N = 29) | rtPA (N = 238) | P-Value | |
Patient Age in Years | ||||||
 Mean ± SD | 71.4 ± 13.9 | 68 ± 14.3 | 0.015* | 65.9 ± 13.6 | 66.1 ± 13.5 | 0.932 |
Age Group: No. (%) | ||||||
 < 50 years | 27 (10.2) | 18 (10.7) | 0.007* | 2 (6.9) | 29 (12.2) | 0.268 |
 50–59 | 25 (9.4) | 31 (18.5) |  | 9 (31) | 38 (16) |  |
 60–69 | 47 (17.7) | 41 (24.4) |  | 7 (24.1) | 69 (29) |  |
 70–79 | 83 (31.2) | 35 (20.8) |  | 5 (17.2) | 62 (26.1) |  |
 ≥ 80 | 84 (31.6) | 43 (25.6) |  | 6 (20.7) | 40 (16.8) |  |
Gender: No. (%) | ||||||
 Male | 121 (45.5) | 82 (48.8) | 0.499 | 15 (51.7) | 124 (52.1) | 0.969 |
 Female | 145 (54.5) | 86 (51.2) |  | 14 (48.3) | 114 (47.9) |  |
Race: No. (%) | ||||||
 Caucasian | 207 (77.8) | 139 (82.7) | 0.451 | 22 (75.9) | 187 (78.6) | 0.725 |
 African-American | 33 (12.4) | 17 (10.1) |  | 4 (13.8) | 42 (17.6) |  |
 Other | 3 (1.1) | 0 (0) |  | 1 (3.4) | 4 (1.7) |  |
Hispanic Ethnicity: No. (%) | 3 (1.1) | 2 (1.2) | 0.952 | 0 (0) | 6 (2.5) | 0.387 |
Body Mass Index | ||||||
 Mean ± SD | 28 ± 6.7 | 28.6 ± 6.7 | 0.312 | 31.5 ± 7.2 | 30.7 ± 7.3 | 0.596 |
Medical History: No. (%) | ||||||
 Atrial Fib/Flutter | 81 (30.5) | 37 (22) | 0.055 | 4 (13.8) | 27 (11.3) | 0.698 |
 Carotid Artery Stenosis | 21 (7.9) | 4 (2.4) | 0.016* | 1 (3.4) | 15 (6.3) | 0.541 |
 Congestive Heart Failure | 45 (16.9) | 16 (9.5) | 0.031* | 6 (20.7) | 27 (11.3) | 0.149 |
 Coronary Artery Disease | 103 (38.7) | 70 (41.7) | 0.542 | 11 (37.9) | 95 (39.9) | 0.837 |
 Depression | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 0.426 | 4 (13.8) | 44 (18.5) | 0.534 |
 Diabetes | 103 (38.7) | 62 (36.9) | 0.704 | 16 (55.2) | 107 (45) | 0.297 |
 Dyslipidemia | 160 (60.2) | 99 (58.9) | 0.8 | 16 (55.2) | 152 (63.9) | 0.36 |
 Family History of Stroke | 22 (8.3) | 13 (7.7) | 0.843 | 0 (0) | 32 (13.4) | 0.035* |
 Hormone Replacement Therapy | 3 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 0.167 | 0 (0) | 8 (3.4) | 0.316 |
 Migraine | 2 (0.8) | 5 (3) | 0.073 | 1 (3.4) | 7 (2.9) | 0.88 |
 Obesity | 93 (35) | 58 (34.5) | 0.926 | 15 (51.7) | 137 (57.6) | 0.549 |
 Peripheral Vascular Disease | 22 (8.3) | 14 (8.3) | 0.982 | 1 (3.4) | 24 (10.1) | 0.247 |
 Previous Stroke | 100 (37.6) | 39 (23.2) | 0.002* | 7 (24.1) | 59 (24.8) | 0.939 |
 Previous TIA | 32 (12) | 27 (16.1) | 0.231 | 4 (13.8) | 28 (11.8) | 0.751 |
 Prosthetic Heart Valve | 9 (3.4) | 0 (0) | 0.016* | 0 (0) | 1 (0.4) | 0.727 |
 Renal Insufficiency | 28 (10.5) | 5 (3) | 0.004* | 1 (3.4) | 16 (6.7) | 0.495 |
 Sleep Apnea | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | N/A | 1 (3.4) | 11 (4.6) | 0.773 |
 Smoking | 62 (23.3) | 53 (31.5) | 0.058 | 9 (31) | 58 (24.4) | 0.434 |
 Substance Abuse | 11 (4.1) | 6 (3.6) | 0.768 | 1 (3.4) | 6 (2.5) | 0.768 |
Initial NIH Stroke Scale | ||||||
 Mean ± SD | 10.1 ± 9 | 11.5 ± 7.9 | 0.124 | 9.2 ± 8.3 | 9.5 ± 8.3 | 0.851 |
Initial Labs & Vitals | ||||||
 Total Cholesterol | 165 ± 52.8 | 164.7 ± 43.2 | 0.956 | 180.7 ± 50.2 | 164.9 ± 41.2 | 0.068 |
 Triglycerides | 132 ± 89.5 | 134.9 ± 89.8 | 0.759 | 147.4 ± 72.9 | 147.7 ± 106.1 | 0.987 |
 HDL | 40.7 ± 14.6 | 41.1 ± 13 | 0.834 | 42 ± 14.1 | 40 ± 12.5 | 0.44 |
 LDL | 97.9 ± 36.7 | 98.3 ± 37.8 | 0.91 | 111.6 ± 45.3 | 99 ± 33.8 | 0.08 |
 Lipids | 6.5 ± 1.8 | 6.3 ± 1.5 | 0.215 | 6.7 ± 1.9 | 6.4 ± 1.7 | 0.539 |
 Blood Glucose | 158.9 ± 95.1 | 138.6 ± 68.7 | 0.011* | 164.4 ± 113.6 | 135.9 ± 65.4 | 0.203 |
 Creatinine | 1.5 ± 1.4 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 0.001* | 1.4 ± 1.8 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 0.356 |
 INR | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 0.001* | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 1 ± 0.1 | 0.588 |
 Heart Rate | 83.4 ± 19 | 81.5 ± 17.7 | 0.284 | 76 ± 13.9 | 78.4 ± 16.2 | 0.444 |
 Systolic Blood Pressure | 154.5 ± 30.7 | 158.3 ± 31.2 | 0.217 | 152 ± 24.9 | 147.8 ± 23.8 | 0.38 |
 Diastolic Blood Pressure | 82.6 ± 21 | 85.2 ± 19.8 | 0.214 | 78.8 ± 13.8 | 79.9 ± 16.6 | 0.721 |
Medications Prior to Admission: No. (%) | ||||||
 Antiplatelet or Anticoagulant | 162 (60.9) | 94 (56) | 0.307 | 18 (62.1) | 133 (55.9) | 0.526 |
 Antihypertensive | 222 (83.5) | 147 (87.5) | 0.25 | 25 (86.2) | 208 (87.4) | 0.856 |
 Cholesterol Reducer | 137 (51.5) | 85 (50.6) | 0.854 | 18 (62.1) | 130 (54.6) | 0.446 |
 Diabetic Medication | 74 (27.8) | 45 (26.8) | 0.814 | 11 (37.9) | 88 (37) | 0.92 |
Ambulation Status Prior to Event: No. (%) | ||||||
 Ambulate Independently | 218 (82) | 159 (94.6) | 0.002* | 25 (86.2) | 227 (95.4) | 0.246 |
 Ambulate With Assistance | 18 (6.8) | 4 (2.4) |  | 1 (3.4) | 3 (1.3) |  |
 Unable to Ambulate | 16 (6) | 3 (1.8) |  | 2 (6.9) | 5 (2.1) |  |
 Not Documented | 14 (5.3) | 2 (1.2) |  | 1 (3.4) | 3 (1.3) |  |
Ambulation Status on Admission: No. (%) | ||||||
 Ambulate Independently | 46 (17.3) | 14 (8.3) | < 0.001* | 11 (37.9) | 44 (18.5) | 0.023* |
 Ambulate With Assistance | 48 (18) | 15 (8.9) |  | 4 (13.8) | 49 (20.6) |  |
 Unable to Ambulate | 95 (35.7) | 67 (39.9) |  | 10 (34.5) | 62 (26.1) |  |
 Not Documented | 77 (28.9) | 72 (42.9) |  | 4 (13.8) | 83 (34.9) |  |
Ambulation Status on Discharge: No. (%) | ||||||
 Ambulate Independently | 94 (35.3) | 68 (40.5) | 0.45 | 15 (51.7) | 117 (49.2) | 0.736 |
 Ambulate With Assistance | 78 (29.3) | 50 (29.8) |  | 7 (24.1) | 77 (32.4) |  |
 Unable to Ambulate | 64 (24.1) | 38 (22.6) |  | 4 (13.8) | 29 (12.2) |  |
 Not Documented | 30 (11.3) | 12 (7.1) |  | 3 (10.3) | 15 (6.3) |  |
First Care Received: No. (%) | ||||||
 Emergency Department | 242 (91) | 153 (91.1) | 0.973 | 18 (62.1) | 60 (25.2) | < 0.001* |
 Direct Admission | 24 (9) | 15 (8.9) |  | 11 (37.9) | 178 (74.8) |  |
Improved Ambulation | 142 (53.4) | 110 (65.5) | 0.013* | 20 (69) | 168 (70.6) | 0.857 |