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Table 1 Clinical, radiological and CSF data of the index case (case 1) compared with previously cases reported by Fujimori et al. (case 2) and Ogawa et al. (cases 3–6) with MOG-Abs and a presumptive diagnosis of encephalitis [19, 20]

From: MOG antibody seropositivity in a patient with encephalitis: beyond the classical syndrome

Case

1

2

3

4

5

6

Onset

fever, headache, confusion, altered consciousness, unsteady gait

dizziness

eye pain and visual loss

seizure

involuntary movemet

headache and abnormal behavior

Seizures

no

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes

Optic neuritis

no

yes

yes

yes

no

no

Myelitis

no

no

no

no

no

no

CSF

increased cells and proteins

increased cells, negative at a second control

increased cells

increased cells

increased cells and proteins

increased cells and proteins

First Brain MRI

subcortical, periventricular, cortical, white matter, thalamus, basal ganglia, internal capsule, pons

frontal cortex

frontoparietal cortex

frontoparietal cortex

parietal cortex

emisphere cortex

Second Brain MRI

reduction of preexisting lesios

corpus callosum, cingulate gyri, frontal lobes

negative

optic nerve, emispheric cortex

negative

negative

Third Brain MRI

 

third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, thalamus, nucleus basalis

 

negative

  

Fourth Brain MRI

 

reduction of preexisting lesios

    

Clinical symptoms

wide-based unsteady gate, reduced level of consciousness, diffuse skin swelling and pustules with enanthema

headache, paraparesis/paraplegia, memory decline, lethargy

delirium, paranoia, hallucination, anorexia

eye pain, visual loss, dysuria

headache, disorientation

agitation, violent behavior, delirium, emotional incontinence, aphasia, hemiparesis

Treatment

acyclovir, antibiotics, immunoglobulins

methylprednisolone and acyclovir, oral prednisolone

methylprednisolone, prednisolone, antiepilepsy drugs

methylprednisolone, prednisolone, antiepilepsy drugs

acyclovir, antibiotics, antimycotic, dexamethasone, prednisolone, antiepilepsy drugs

methylprednisolone, prednisolone, antiepilepsy drugs

Relapses

no

yes

yes

no

no

yes

Outcome

almost full recovery

full recovery

full recovery

full recovery

full recovery

full recovery