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Fig. 1 | BMC Neurology

Fig. 1

From: Parasomnia overlap disorder, Parkinson’s disease and subthalamic deep brain stimulation: three case reports

Fig. 1

Polysomnography. a Hypnogram prior to surgery (1) showing a reduced sleep latency (1 min), low percentage of slow wave and REM sleep, increased NREM stage 1 sleep and arousal index of 33.3/h. One year after STN-DBS (2) sleep architecture improved with normal sleep latency (21 min), less frequent arousals (arousal index of 12.4/h), normal distribution of sleep stages and several REM-NREM cycles (Stimulation on). b Hypnogram prior to surgery (1) showing a reduced sleep latency (1.5 min), low percentage of slow wave NREM3 sleep (2.5%), one long-lasting and one very short-lasting phase of REM and normal NREM stage 1 sleep and arousal index of 33.9/h. One year after STN-DBS (2) sleep architecture improved slightly with normal sleep latency (17 min), less frequent arousals (arousal index of 8.6/h), normal distribution of sleep stages and 3 REM-NREM cycles (Stimulation on). c Hypnograms after STN-DBS showing the progression of the initially moderate disrupted sleep architecture in 2012 (1) into ambiguous sleep and status dissociatus in 2016 (2). In 2016, scoring of REM sleep was based on the presence of “saw tooth waves” in EEG and REM despite the absence of muscle atonia (Stimulation on). Time in hours: minutes on the x-axis. Sleep stages on y-axis: stage W (wake), stages S1-S3 (NREM), and stage R (REM)

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