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Table 2 Comparison of episodes treated with and without clobazam

From: Effects of clobazam for treatment of refractory status epilepticus

Variable

Total cohort (n = 70)

Treated with CLB (n = 24)

Not treated with CLB (n = 46)

P value

Demographics

 Gender, female

47 (67.1)

16 (66.7)

31 (67.4)

0.951b

 Age on admission, y

70 (49–78)

64 (52–72)

73 (45–80)

0.225d

 Age ≥ 65 y

41 (58.6)

11 (45.8)

30 (65.2)

0.118b

 Premorbid mRS

3 (1–4)

4 (1–4)

3 (1–4)

0.694d

RSE characteristics

 NCSE in coma

9 (12.9)

4 (16.7)

5 (10.9)

0.481c

 Generalized convulsive SE

31 (44.3)

8 (33.3)

23 (50.0)

0.183b

 Complex-partial SE

30 (42.9)

12 (50.0)

18 (39.1)

0.383b

 Stuporous or comatose

44 (62.9)

16 (66.7)

28 (60.9)

0.634b

 Acute symptomatic etiology

31 (44.3)

10 (41.7)

21 (45.7)

0.750b

 History of seizures

37 (52.9)

10 (41.7)

27 (58.7)

0.175b

 Potentially fatal etiology

31 (44.3)

11 (45.8)

20 (43.5)

0.851b

 STESS

3 (2–4)

3 (1–4)

3 (2–4)

0.550d

 STESS ≥ 3

42 (60.0)

15 (62.5)

27 (58.7)

0.758b

Laboratory findings on admission

 Leukocyte count, ×103/μl

9.4 (7.4–12.5)

8.5 (6.3–12.0)

10.1 (7.8–12.9)

0.197d

 C-reactive protein, mg/l

15.7 (3.6–53.0)

18.0 (4.2–56.2)

8.3 (3.2–40.3)

0.273d

 Hemoglobin, g/dl

11.7 (1.7)

11.2 (1.6)

11.9 (1.8)

0.110e

 Serum sodium, mmol/l

136.9 (7.2)

136.5 (7.3)

137.2 (7.3)

0.704e

Treatment and complications

 Duration of RSE, d

9 (4–17)

16 (8–32)

8 (4–14)

0.003 d

 Length of hospital stay, d

18 (10–30)

29 (1361)

18 (1029)

0.071 d

 Mechanical ventilation

44 (62.9)

13 (54.2)

31 (67.4)

0.277b

 Length of mechanical ventilation, d

3 (0–16)

6 (0–43)

6 (0–15)

0.459d

 Use of anesthetics

43 (61.4)

11 (45.8)

32 (69.6)

0.053 b

 Induction of burst suppression

28 (40.0)

11 (45.8)

17 (37.0)

0.472b

 Number of AEDs

6 (5–8)

7 (5–11)

6 (5–8)

0.028 d

 Use of vasopressors

40 (57.1)

13 (54.2)

27 (58.7)

0.716b

 Sepsis

19 (27.1)

8 (33.3)

11 (23.9)

0.400b

Outcome

 RSE terminated

57 (81.4)

20 (83.3)

37 (80.4)

1.000c

 Poor outcome at follow-upa

41 (60.3)

18 (78.3)

23 (51.1)

0.030 b

 In-hospital mortality

12 (17.1)

4 (16.7)

8 (17.4)

1.000c

  1. Values are n (%), mean (±standard deviation) or median (interquartile range); significant (p < 0.05) parameters are expressed in bold, parameters showing a statistical trend (p < 0.1) are expressed in italics
  2. Abbreviations: AED antiepileptic drug, CLB clobazam, mRS modified Rankin Scale score, NCSE noncunvulsive status epilepticus, RSE refractory status epilepticus, SE status epilepticus, STESS Status Epilepticus Severity Score
  3. aData available for 68 episodes
  4. bPearson χ2 test
  5. cFisher’s exact test
  6. dMann-Whitney U-test
  7. eStudent’s t-test