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Table 1 Comparison of clobazam responders and non-responders

From: Effects of clobazam for treatment of refractory status epilepticus

Variable

Treated with CLB (n = 24)

CLB responders (n = 6)

CLB non-responders (n = 18)

P value

Demographics

 Gender, female

16 (66.7)

3 (50.0)

13 (72.2)

0.362b

 Age on admission, y

64 (52–72)

70 (59–71)

64 (50–72)

0.820c

 Age ≥ 65 y

11 (45.8)

4 (66.7)

7 (38.9)

0.357b

 Premorbid mRS

4 (1–4)

4 (4–5)

1 (1–4)

0.104c

RSE characteristics

 NCSE in coma

4 (16.7)

1 (16.7)

3 (16.7)

1.000b

 Generalized convulsive SE

8 (33.3)

3 (50.0)

5 (27.8)

0.362b

 Complex-partial SE

12 (50.0)

2 (33.3)

10 (55.6)

0.640b

 Stuporous or comatose

16 (66.7)

4 (66.7)

12 (66.7)

1.000b

 Acute symptomatic etiology

10 (41.7)

0 (0)

10 (55.6)

0.024 b

 History of seizures

10 (41.7)

4 (66.7)

6 (33.3)

0.192b

 Potentially fatal etiology

11 (45.8)

3 (50.0)

8 (44.4)

1.000b

 STESS

3 (1–4)

3 (3–4)

3 (1–4)

0.537c

 STESS ≥ 3

15 (62.5)

5 (83.3)

10 (55.6)

0.351b

EEG features

 Lateralized seizure patterns/RDA

9 (37.5)

2 (33.3)

7 (38.7)

1.000b

 Lateralized periodic discharges

10 (41.7)

4 (66.7)

6 (33.3)

0.192b

 Lateralized periodic discharges or seizure patterns/RDA

19 (79.2)

6 (100)

13 (72.2)

0.280b

Laboratory findings on admission

 Leukocyte count, ×103/μl

8.5 (6.3–12.0)

8.5 (8.0–10.3)

8.8 (5.8–12.2)

0.914c

 C-reactive protein, mg/l

18.0 (4.2–56.2)

3.4 (1.2–56.6)

33.0 (13.8–56.3)

0.446c

 Hemoglobin, g/dl

11.2 (1.6)

10.9 (0.9)

11.3 (1.7)

0.622d

 Serum sodium, mmol/l

136.5 (7.3)

136.8 (4.7)

136.4 (8.1)

0.908d

Treatment and complications

 Duration of RSE, d

16 (8–32)

6 (4–36)

16 (10–27)

0.820c

 Length of hospital stay, d

29 (13–61)

14 (6–53)

29 (14–57)

0.673c

 Mechanical ventilation

13 (54.2)

3 (50.0)

10 (55.6)

1.000b

 Length of mechanical ventilation, d

6 (0–43)

0 (0–30)

6 (0–48)

0.770c

 Use of anesthetics

11 (45.8)

3 (50.0)

8 (44.4)

1.000b

 Induction of burst suppression

11 (45.8)

3 (50.0)

8 (44.4)

1.000b

 Number of AEDs

7 (5–11)

9 (5–14)

7 (4–11)

0.537c

 Use of vasopressors

13 (54.2)

3 (50.0)

10 (55.6)

1.000b

 Sepsis

8 (33.3)

3 (50.0)

5 (27.8)

0.362b

Outcome

 RSE terminated

20 (83.3)

6 (100.0)

14 (77.8)

0.539b

 Poor outcome at follow-upa

18 (78.3)

4 (80.0)

14 (77.8)

1.000b

 In-hospital mortality

4 (16.7)

0 (0.0)

4 (22.2)

0.539b

  1. Values are n (%), mean (±standard deviation) or median (interquartile range); significant (p < 0.05) parameters are expressed in bold
  2. Abbreviations: AED antiepileptic drug, CLB clobazam, mRS modified Rankin Scale score, NCSE noncunvulsive status epilepticus, RDA rhythmic delta activity, RSE refractory status epilepticus, SE status epilepticus, STESS Status Epilepticus Severity Score
  3. aData available for 23 episodes
  4. bFisher’s exact test
  5. cMann-Whitney U-test
  6. dStudent’s t-test
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BMC Neurology

ISSN: 1471-2377

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