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Table 3 Summary of the literature on clinical impact of NAb in terms of annualized relapse rate, EDSS and MRI activity

From: Neutralizing antibodies and fatigue as predictors of low response to interferon-beta treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis

Study

Annualized relapse rate (Number of relapses/year)

EDSS score impact

MRI impact

Study duration

NAb+

NAb-

p

IFN β Multiple Sclerosis Study Group, University of British Columbia MS/MRI Analysis Group, Neurology 1996 [ [2]]

1.16

0.50

< 0.05

Positive impact

Yes

3 years

Ruddick et al., Neurology 1998 [ [4]]

0.50

0.65

NS

No impact

Yes

2 years

PRISMS Study Group, Lancet 1998 [ [5]]

1.75

1.74

_

_

_

2 years

Panitch et al., Neurology 2002 [ [8]]

_

_

NS

_

Yes

48 weeks

Sorensen et al., Lancet 2003 [ [9]]

0.64

0.43

< 0.03

No impact

_

_

Malucchi et al., Neurology 2004 [ [10]]

0.85

0.53

0.039

Negative impact

_

3 years

Francis et al., Neurology 2005 [ [17]]

0.85

0.52

< 0.001

No impact

Yes

4 years

Kappos et al., Neurology 2005 [ [18]]

0.97

0.70

0.04

No impact

Yes

4 years

Freedman et al., Multiple Sclerosis 2005 [ [11]]

_

_

NS

No impact

Yes

3 years

Hartung et al., Neurology 2011 [ [12]]

_

_

0.39

No impact

Yes

5 years

Sato et al., Tokohu J Exp Med 2012 [ [14]]

_

_

0.13

_

Yes

_