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Table 1 Demographic and test data for healthy elderly individuals (controls) and all patients with aMCI or early dementia in AD

From: The brain structural and cognitive basis of odor identification deficits in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease

   

Subgroups patients

   

B-SIT

SSIT

Characteristics

Controls n = 30

Patients n = 18

>50% score n = 6

≤50% score n = 12

>50% score n = 10

≤50% score n = 6

Demographic data

      

Gender (female/male%)

46.7/53.3

55.6/44.4

66.7/33.3

50.0/50.0

70.0/30.0

16.7/83.3+

Age (years)

67.4 ± 7.6

74.6 ± 6.3**

76.0 ± 7.8

73.8 ± 5.7

76.5 ± 1.3

72.3 ± 5.1

Education (years)

17.1 ± 3.5

15.3 ± 2.5

15.3 ± 1.3

15.3 ± 3.0

14.8 ± 1.9

16.8 ± 3.4

Daily smokers (%)

3.3

5.6

0

8.3

0

0

APOE Ɛ4 genotype (% carriers 1-2 alleles)

20.8

73.3**

75.0

72.7

62.5

83.3

Cognitive tests

      

MMSE (max. score 30)

28.7 ± 1.2

25.5 ± 2.5**

26.0 ± 1.7

25.3 ± 2.8

26.0 ± 1.6

25.7 ± 3.0

Ten-word test, total recall (max. score 30)

22.7 ± 3.6

12.5 ± 3.8**

13.2 ± 3.7

12.1 ± 3.9

12.1 ± 3.6

14.0 ± 4.2

Ten-words tests, delayed recall (max. 10)

8.1 ± 1.9

2.2 ± 1.7**

3.2 ± 1.8

1.6 ± 1.4

2.5 ± 1.9

1.8 ± 1.5

RCFT, figure copying

30.9 ± 3.0

26.0 ± 5.1**

24.6 ± 4.6

26.8 ± 5.4

23.9 ± 4.3

29.8 ± 4.4+

RCFT, immediate recall

17.9 ± 5.6

6.3 ± 4.4**

6.2 ± 6.1

6.4 ± 3.5

6.0 ± 4.6

6.8 ± 4.6

RCFT, delayed recall

17.7 ± 5.3

6.9 ± 4.2**

7.2 ± 6.8

6.7 ± 2.0

7.5 ± 4.8

5.9 ± 3.5

Stereognosis (max. score 12)

11.5 ± 0.8

10.2 ± 2.2**

10.2 ± 1.6

10.2 ± 2.6

10.6 ± 1.4

9.5 ± 3.2

Trail Making A (sec)

52.6 ± 20.1

64.7 ± 21.8

61.2 ± 15.9

64.2 ± 24.5

66.0 ± 21.4

66.7 ± 25.7

Trail Making-B (sec)

104.1 ± 37.5

134.0 ± 51.8*

141.0 ± 58.9

127.0 ± 48.3

148.3 ± 47.7

126.3 ± 56.2

Phychophysical mesurements

      

B-SIT (12 items)

9.6 ± 2.0

6.6 ± 2.6**

9.8 ± 1.6

5.0 ± 0.7##

7.4 ± 2.6

5.7 ± 2.7

SSIT (16 items)

12.7 ± 2.4

9.4 ± 3.0**

11.3 ± 3.1

8.2 ± 2.3#

11.1 ± 2.1

6.5 ± 1.8+

SSDT (16 items)

9.2 ± 3.3

7.5 ± 3.0

7.8 ± 3.4

7.3 ± 3.0

7.4 ± 2.9

7.6 ± 3.5

  1. Where appropriate, the mean ± SD is shown.
  2. Significant differences using Student's t-test for total group of patients compared to controls: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.005.
  3. Significant differences using Student's t-test for scoring >50% or ≤50% on B-SIT: #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.005.
  4. Significant differences using Student's t-test for scoring >50% or ≤50% on SSIT: +p < 0.05.
  5. B-SIT; Brief Smell Identification Test, SSIT; Sniffin Sticks Identification Test, SSDT; Sniffin Sticks Discrimination Test, MMSE; Mini-Mental State Examination, RCFT; Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test.
  6. Patients have also been divided according to their odor identification (OI) ability.