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Table 3 Differences in systolic blood pressure (SBP) associated with residential insolation exposure in exploratory and confirmatory analyses, by race

From: Sunlight exposure and cardiovascular risk factors in the REGARDS study: a cross-sectional split-sample analysis

Quartiles of insolation exposure

SBP (mmHg)

 

Blacks

Whites

p-value

 Exploratory analyses – Unadjusted

   

  1st vs 4th quartile

4.7 (3.2, 6.1)

2.4 (1.1, 3.6)

 

  2nd vs 4th quartile

1.4 (−0.1, 3.0)

3.1 (1.9, 4.3)

0.0005

  3rd vs 4th quartile

1.3 (−0.2, 2.8)

2.1 (0.9, 3.3)

 

 Exploratory analyses – Fully adjusted

   

  1st vs 4th quartile

3.8 (2.8, 5.6)

1.4 (−0.2, 3.1)

 

  2nd vs 4th quartile

1.1 (−0.5, 2.7)

2.4 (1.0, 3.8)

0.0012

  3rd vs 4th quartile

1.2 (−0.2, 2.7)

1.5 (0.2, 2.7)

 

 Confirmatory analyses – Unadjusted

   

  1st vs 4th quartile

4.6 (3.2, 6.1)

1.9 (0.7, 3.1)

 

  2nd vs 4th quartile

1.8 (0.2, 3.3)

1.9 (0.7, 3.0)

0.0058

  3rd vs 4th quartile

1.7 (0.2, 3.2)

1.7 (0.5, 2.9)

 

 Confirmatory analyses – Fully adjusted

   

  1st vs 4th quartile

1.7 (−0.7, 4.1)

1.6 (−0.9, 4.1)

 

  2nd vs 4th quartile

0.6 (−1.5, 2.6)

1.6 (−0.4, 3.7)

0.5855

  3rd vs 4th quartile

−0.3 (−2.3, 1.6)

1.0 (−0.8, 2.8)

 
  1. Numbers in parentheses are 95% confidence intervals. Numbers in bold are significant (p < 0.05).
  2. All fully adjusted models are adjusted for temperature, age, race, region, gender, education, income, vitamin D intake, alcohol use, smoking, body mass index, and antihypertensive medication use. Models with insolation categorized into quartiles, and using cutoffs at the 5th and 95th percentiles were adjusted for temperature exposures into quartiles and using cutoffs at the 5th and 95th percentiles, respectively.