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Table 2 Differences in continuous secondary cardiovascular endpoints associated with residential insolation exposure in exploratory and confirmatory analyses

From: Sunlight exposure and cardiovascular risk factors in the REGARDS study: a cross-sectional split-sample analysis

Insolation exposure

SBP (mmHg)

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

LDL (mg/dL)

HDL (mg/dL)

LnCRP (mg/dL)

Quartiles of insolation exposure

     

 Exploratory analyses – Unadjusted

     

  1st vs 4th quartile

3.5 (2.6, 4.5)

1.5 (−0.7, 3.8)

2.4 (0.5, 4.4)

−1.3 (−2.2, −0.3)

0.0 (−0.1, 0.0)

  2nd vs 4th quartile

2.3 (1.4, 3.3)

0.3 (−1.9, 2.6)

0.8 (−1.2, 2.8)

−2.0 (−2.9, −1.0)

0.1 (0.0, 0.1)

  3rd vs 4th quartile

1.9 (0.9, 2.9)

0.2 (−2.0, 2.5)

0.4 (−1.6, 2.3)

−0.9 (−1.8, 0.1)

0.1 (0.0, 0.2)

 Exploratory analyses – Fully adjusted

     

  1st vs 4th quartile

2.3 (0.8, 3.8)

−3.1 (−6.6, 0.4)

−1.1 (−4.2, 2.0)

−2.7 (−4.2, −1.2)

0.0 (−0.1, 0.1)

  2nd vs 4th quartile

1.9 (0.8, 3.1)

−2.1 (−4.8, 0.7)

−0.7 (−3.1, 1.7)

−2.0 (−3.2, −0.9)

0.1 (0.0, 0.2)

  3rd vs 4th quartile

1.4 (0.4, 2.4)

−0.8 (−3.1, 1.5)

−0.5 (−2.6, 1.6)

−0.6 (−1.6, 0.3)

0.1 (0.0, 0.1)

 Confirmatory analyses – Unadjusted

     

  1st vs 4th quartile

3.3 (2.3, 4.2)

N/A

N/A

−0.2 (−1.1, 0.8)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0.0)

  2nd vs 4th quartile

1.7 (0.8, 2.6)

N/A

N/A

−1.8 (−2.8, −0.9)

0.0 (−0.1, 0.1)

  3rd vs 4th quartile

1.8 (0.9, 2.6)

N/A

N/A

−0.6 (−1.6, 0.3)

0.1 (0.0, 0.2)

 Confirmatory analyses – Fully adjusted

     

  1st vs 4th quartile

1.6 (−0.5, 3.7)

N/A

N/A

−1.5 (−3.0, −0.1)

0.0 (−0.1, 0.1)

  2nd vs 4th quartile

1.1 (−0.5, 2.7)

N/A

N/A

−2.1 (−3.2, −0.9)

0.0 (−0.1, 0.1)

  3rd vs 4th quartile

1.4 (−1.0, 1.7)

N/A

N/A

−0.5 (−1.4, 0.6)

0.0 (0.0, 0.1)

Low insolation exposure

     

 <5th vs ≥5th percentile

     

  Exploratory analyses - Unadjusted

2.4 (0.8, 3.9)

0.5 (−3.1, 4.1)

1.3 (−2.0, 4.5)

−1.0 (−2.6, 0.5)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

  Exploratory analyses – Fully adjusted

2.5 (1.0, 4.1)

−0.4 (−4.1, 3.3)

0.9 (−2.4, 4.2)

−1.7 (−3.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0.0)

  Confirmatory analyses - Unadjusted

1.1 (−0.4, 2.7)

N/A

N/A

−0.1 (−1.6, 1.5)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0.0)

  Confirmatory analyses – Fully adjusted

0.6 (−1.7, 2.9)

N/A

N/A

0.0 (−1.7, 1.6)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0.0)

High insolation exposure

     

 <95th vs ≥95th percentile

     

  Exploratory analyses - Unadjusted

0.3 (−1.3, 1.9)

−1.9 (−5.5, 1.8)

0.4 (−2.8, 3.6)

−3.6 (−5.1, −2.0)

0.0 (−0.1, 0.1)

  Exploratory analyses – Fully adjusted

0.2 (−1.4, 1.7)

−2.7 (−6.3, 1.0)

0.0 (−3.2, 3.2)

−2.7 (−4.2, −1.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0.0)

  Confirmatory analyses - Unadjusted

N/A

N/A

N/A

−1.7 (−3.3, −0.2)

N/A

  Confirmatory analyses – Fully adjusted

N/A

N/A

N/A

−1.5 (−3.1, 0.0)

N/A

  1. SBP = Systolic Blood Pressure; LDL = Low-Density Lipoprotein; HDL = High-Density Lipoprotein; CRP = C-reactive protein.
  2. Numbers in parentheses are 95% confidence intervals. Numbers in bold are significant (p < 0.05).
  3. All fully adjusted models are adjusted for temperature, age, race, region, gender, education, income, vitamin D intake, alcohol use, smoking, and body mass index. SBP models are further adjusted for antihypertensive medication use. Total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL models are further adjusted for statin use. Models with insolation categorized into quartiles, and using cutoffs at the 5th and 95th percentiles were adjusted for temperature exposures into quartiles and using cutoffs at the 5th and 95th percentiles, respectively.
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BMC Neurology

ISSN: 1471-2377

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