Table 2 Age-adjusted means (± SE) a and distribution of variables (%) according to the cognitive function
Variables | Men (n = 3,129) | Women (n = 3,775) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Cognitive function | Cognitive function | |||
Lowered (n = 645) | Normal (n = 2,484) | Lowered (n = 444) | Normal (n = 3,331) | |
Age, years | 61.0 ± 0.3 | 60.4 ± 0.15 | 60.4 ± 0.35 | 60.3 ± 0.13 |
Deprivationa, score | 4.76 ± 0.02 | 4.79 ± 0.01 | 4.51 ± 0.03 | 4.59 ± 0.01* |
Crowdinga, absolute number | 2.69 ± 0.05 | 2.69 ± 0.02 | 2.35 ± 0.06 | 2.36 ± 0.02 |
Systolic blood pressurea, mm Hg | 148.3 ± 0.84 | 146.1 ± 0.43* | 138.1 ± 0.97 | 137.2 ± 0.35 |
Diastolic blood pressurea, mm Hg | 93.8 ± 0.5 | 92.7 ± 0.25* | 88.7 ± 0.56 | 88.3 ± 0.2 |
Total cholesterola, mmol/L | 5.73 ± 0.02 | 5.78 ± 0.02 | 6.07 ± 0.05 | 6.13 ± 0.02 |
HDL cholesterola, mmol/L | 1.39 ± 0.02 | 1.4 ± 0.01 | 1.52 ± 0.02 | 1.58 ± 0.01** |
LDL cholesterola, mmol/L | 3.65 ± 0.04 | 3.71 ± 0.02 | 3.86 ± 0.05 | 3.89 ± 0.02 |
Triglyceridea, mmolL | 1.53 ± 0.04 | 1.47 ± 0.02 | 1.54 ± 0.04 | 1.45 ± 0.02* |
Fasting blood glucosea, mmol/L | 5.77 ± 0.05 | 5.84 ± 0.03 | 5.94 ± 0.06 | 5.84 ± 0.02 |
Body mass indexa, kg/m2 | 28.6 ± 0.18 | 28.5 ± 0.09 | 30.2 ± 0.27 | 30.1 ± 0.10 |
Physical activity in leisure timea, hours/week | 16.4 ± 0.49 | 17.7 ± 0.25* | 18.1 ± 0.56 | 20.1 ± 0.2* |
Absolute alcohol a, drinks/week | 57.6 ± 4.6 | 56.6 ± 2.31 | 14.6 ± 1.41 | 17.8 ± 0.51* |
Ischemic heart disease (%) | χ2 = 12.7; p < 0.001 | χ2 = 0.21; p > 0.05 | ||
Yes | 22.9 | 16.9 | 20.5 | 19.6 |
No | 77.1 | 83.1 | 79.5 | 80.4 |
Stroke (%) | χ2 = 42.1; p < 0.001 | χ2 = 26.5; p < 0.001 | ||
Yes | 9.0 | 3.1 | 8.2 | 3.2 |
No | 91.0 | 96.9 | 91.8 | 99.8 |
Diabetes mellitus (%) | χ2 = 0.02; p > 0.05 | χ2 = 0.61, p > 0.05 | ||
Yes | 8.8 | 8.6 | 10.4 | 9.2 |
No | 91.2 | 91.4 | 89.6 | 90.8 |
Metabolic syndrome (%) | χ2 = 0.00; p > 0.05 | χ2 = 3.5; p > 0.05 | ||
Yes | 29.3 | 29.4 | 43.2 | 38.5 |
No | 70.7 | 70.6 | 56.8 | 61.5 |
Arterial hypertension (%) | χ2 = 0.69; p > 0.05 | χ2 = 0.83; p > 0.05 | ||
Yes | 75.3 | 73.7 | 56.8 | 61.5 |
No | 24.7 | 26.3 | 43.2 | 38.5 |
Body mass index, (%) | χ2 = 3.44; p > 0.05 | χ2 = 3.92; p > 0.05 | ||
<18.5 kg/m2 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.3 |
18.5- 24.99 kg/m2 | 21.4 | 21.9 | 18.7 | 19.0 |
25.0-29.9 kg/m2 | 41.7 | 44.6 | 31.5 | 35.7 |
> = 30.0 kg/m2 | 36.4 | 33.3 | 49.3 | 45.0 |
Smoking habits (%) | χ2 = 0.33; p > 0.05 | χ2 = 0.71; p > 0.05 | ||
Smokers | 30.4 | 30.6 | 11.0 | 9.7 |
Former smokers | 30.1 | 31.1 | 7.1 | 7.3 |
Never smokers | 39.5 | 38.3 | 81.9 | 83.0 |
Marital status (%) | χ2 = 8.32; p > 0.05 | χ2 = 5.86; p > 0.05 | ||
Single | 1.4 | 2.0 | 7.3 | 5.4 |
Married | 80.7 | 84.3 | 52.2 | 56.9 |
Cohabiting | 2.4 | 1.4 | 0.5 | 0.9 |
Divorced | 9.2 | 7.2 | 17.6 | 15.9 |
Widowed | 6.3 | 5.1 | 22.4 | 20.9 |
Quality of life (%) | χ2 = 14.4; p < 0.01 | χ2 = 37.3; p < 0.001 | ||
Very poor and poor | 5.5 | 2.9 | 10.4 | 4.0 |
Average | 49.2 | 47.1 | 51.1 | 50.2 |
Good | 43.1 | 48.2 | 37.1 | 44.5 |
Very good | 2.2 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 1.3 |
Self-rated health (%) | χ2 = 23.6; p < 0.001 | χ2 = 17.6; p < 0.001 | ||
Very good and good | 26.8 | 34.4 | 16.9 | 21.5 |
Average | 57.5 | 55.6 | 58.7 | 61.8 |
Poor and very poor | 15.7 | 10.0 | 24.4 | 16.7 |
Depression scale score (%) | χ2 = 7.28; p < 0.01 | χ2 = 12.8; p < 0.001 | ||
> = 4 | 18.9 | 14.5 | 37.0 | 28.7 |
<4 | 81.1 | 85.5 | 63.0 | 71.3 |