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Table 2 Rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for fractures in people with multiple sclerosis compared with the reference cohort

From: Risk of fractures in patients with multiple sclerosis: record-linkage study

Fracture (ICD code†)

Observed

Expected

Rate Ratio (95% confidence interval)

Exact P value

All fractures‡

4414

2238.3

1.99 (1.93-2.05)

<0.001*

Ribs (S22.2-S22.4 )

161

130

1.24 (1.06-1.45)

0.007

Clavicle (S42.0)

83

52.6

1.59 (1.26-1.97)

<0.001*

Humerus (S42.2-S42.4, S42.7)

415

204.2

2.05 (1.86-2.26)

<0.001*

Forearm (S52)

448

493.5

0.91 (0.82-1.00)

0.042

Wrist/Hand (S62)

157

188.1

0.83 (0.71-0.98)

0.025

Pelvis/Lumbar spine (S32.0-S32.8)

293

187.7

1.57 (1.39-1.76)

<0.001*

Tibia/Ankle (S82)

1393

506.1

2.81 (2.66-2.96)

<0.001*

Foot (S92)

194

95.5

2.05 (1.77-2.37)

<0.001*

Femur - neck of (S72.0-S72.2)

1579

574.2

2.79 (2.65-2.93)

<0.001*

Femur - other (S72.3-S72.8)

543

85.8

6.69 (6.12-7.29)

<0.001*

Femur - unspecified (S72.9)

88

18.5

4.91 (3.92-6.08)

<0.001*

Fractures up to 1 year after first MS admission

Observed

Expected

Rate Ratio (95% confidence interval)

Exact P value

All fractures‡

717

373.4

1.94 (1.80-2.08)

<0.001*

Ribs (S22.2-S22.4)

22

20.2

1.09 (0.68-1.65)

0.779

Clavicle (S42.0)

11

7.7

1.43 (0.71-2.57)

0.319

Humerus (S42.2-S42.4, S42.7)

76

28.3

2.72 (2.14-3.41)

<0.001*

Forearm (S52)

73

69.9

1.05 (0.82-1.32)

0.752

Wrist/Hand (S62)

22

28.2

0.78 (0.49-1.18)

0.278

Pelvis/Lumbar spine (S32.0-S32.8)

51

26.5

1.94 (1.44-2.56)

<0.001*

Tibia/Ankle (S82)

200

80.5

2.53 (2.19-2.91)

<0.001*

Foot (S92)

17

15.5

1.10 (0.64-1.77)

0.793

Femur - neck of (S72.0-S72.2)

293

88.2

3.39 (3.01-3.81)

<0.001*

Femur - other (S72.3-S72.8)

58

12.3

4.88 (3.68-6.35)

<0.001*

Femur - unspecified (S72.9)

18

2.7

6.91 (4.04-11.09)

<0.001*

Fractures excluding those occurring in the first year after first MS admission

Observed

Expected

Rate Ratio (95% confidence interval)

Exact P value

All fractures‡

3697

1864.9

2.00 (1.93-2.07)

<0.001*

Ribs (S22.2-S22.4)

139

109.7

1.27 (1.07-1.50)

0.006

Clavicle (S42.0)

72

44.8

1.61 (1.26-2.04)

<0.001*

Humerus (S42.2-S42.4, S42.7)

339

175.8

1.95 (1.74-2.17)

<0.001*

Forearm (S52)

375

423.6

0.88 (0.80-0.98)

0.019

Wrist/Hand (S62)

135

159.9

0.84 (0.71-1.00)

0.053

Pelvis/Lumbar spine (S32.0-S32.8)

242

161.1

1.51 (1.32-1.71)

<0.001*

Tibia/Ankle (S82)

1193

425.6

2.86 (2.70-3.03)

<0.001*

Foot (S92)

177

80.1

2.24 (1.92-2.60)

<0.001*

Femur - neck of (S72.0-S72.2)

1286

486

2.68 (2.54-2.84)

<0.001*

Femur - other (S72.3-S72.8)

485

73.5

7.00 (6.37-7.67)

<0.001*

Femur - unspecified (S72.9)

70

15.8

4.57 (3.55-5.81)

<0.001*

  1. * Significant P value after full Bonferroni correction = <0.004 (most of the high rate ratios, but none of the low rate ratios, are significant on this criterion).
  2. † Only ICD-10 codes are shown; equivalent ICD-9 codes were also used in the analysis.
  3. ‡ ICD-10 codes: S02, S12, S22, S32, S42, S52, S62, S72, S82, S92, T08, T10, T12.