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Table 3 Sociodemographic, functional, clinical and neuropsychological characteristics of the participants according to cognitive impairment (CI).

From: Prevalence of cognitive impairment in individuals aged over 65 in an urban area: DERIVA study

 

Healthy subjects

N (%)

Subjects

with CI

N (%)

p

Number of subjects = 327

265(81.0)

62 (19.0)

 

Age #

75.46 ± 6.83

80.15 ± 8.18

<0.001

Male

75.26 ± 6.52

80.00 ± 7.22

0.013

Female

75.58 ± 7.04

80.19 ± 8.50

<0.001

Sex, n (%)

  

0.018

Male

102 (87.90)

14 (12.1)

 

Female

163 (77.30)

48 (22.7)

 

Years of education #

8.77 ± 2.77

6.93 ± 2.81

<0.001

Educational level, n (%)

  

<0.001

   Iliterate

68 (66.0)

35 (34.00)

 

   Primariy-Secondary education

152 (87.90)

21 (12.1)

 

   Higher education

45 (91.8)

4 (8.2)

 

Regular occupation in his/her life, n (%)

  

0.137

   Housewife

68 (74.70)

23 (25.30)

 

   Full-time job

174 (84.10)

33 (15.90)

 

   Others

8 (88.90)

1 (11.1)

 

Living with his/her partner, n (%)

158 (86.30)

25 (13.7)

0.007

Number of alive children (Mean ± SD)

2.41 ± 1.87

2.09 ± 1.99

0.265

Living with someone, n (%)

  

0.065

   Alone

56 (90.30)

6 (9.70)

 

   With one relative/friend

149 (81.0)

35 (19.00)

 

   With at least with 2 people

47 (75.80)

15 (24.20)

 

   With more than 2 people

4 (57.10)

3 (42.90)

 

Functionals

   

Activities of daily living (Katz Index):

  

<0.001

   All preserved

120 (45.30)

14 (22.60)

 

   Needs help on one activity

49 (18.10)

10 (16.10)

 

   Needs help on bathing and other activity

1 (0.40)

1 (1.60)

 

   Needs help on 6 activities

0 (0.00)

2 (3.20)

 

   Needs help on at least 2 activities, but not classifiable on previous categories

95 (35.80)

35 (56.50)

 

Clinicals

   

   Depression

30 (11.30)

17 (27.40)

0.001

   Insomnia

41 (15.50)

17 (27.40)

0.027

   Taking medicine for depression

28 (10.6)

17 (27.40)

0.001

   Taking medicine for insomnia

38 (14.30)

15 (24.20)

0.058

   Hypertension

119 (45.20)

22 (35.50)

0.163

   Dyslipidemia

12 (4.50)

5 (8.10)

0.259

   Diabetes Mellitus

47 (17.70)

18 (29.90)

0.045

   Charlson comorbidity Index (by age)

3.90 ± 1.46

4.50 ± 1.23

0.004

Neuropsychologicals

   

   MMSE (0-30)#

27.30 ± 2.05

19.12 ± 4.74

<0.001

   MMSE

  

<0.001

   0-13

0 (0.00)

5 (8.10)

 

   14-23

3 (1.10)

43 (69.40)

 

   24-28

162 (61.10)

3 (4.80)

 

   >28

81 (30.60)

0 (0.00)

 

   Benton temporal orientation test

5.16 ± 15.96

38.00 ± 35.66

<0.001

   Clock drawing test#

5.97 ± 1.52

3.91 ± 2.35

<0.001

   Category Fluency#

15.90 ± 5.04

9.45 ± 4.75

<0.001

   7 Minute Screen (Total)#

48.82 ± 14.48

67.38 ± 31.87

<0.001

  1. CI: cognitive impairment (CIND or dementia); MMSE: Minimental State Examination.
  2. #: Mean ± Standard deviation
  3. p: Statistically significant differences between the two groups
  4. MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination score.