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Table 1 Frequency (%) of electronic-media use, stratified for age group, sex, family condition and socio-economic status.

From: The association between use of electronic media and prevalence of headache in adolescents: results from a population-based cross-sectional study

 

Total

Age group

Sex

Family condition

Socio-economic status

 

(n = 1,025)

14 years and younger (n = 472)

15 years and older (n = 553)

Male (n = 500)

Female (n = 525)

Complete (n = 750)

Incomplete (n = 275)

High (n = 581)

Low/middle (n = 444)

Mobile phone

         

No mobile phone

11.0

16.3

6.5

13.4

8.8

11.3

10.2

11.2

10.9

<5 minutes

65.9

64.2

67.3

68.2

63.6

68.9

57.5

70.2

60.1

6 - 15 minutes

15.6

13.8

17.2

14.2

17.0

14.0

20.0

13.9

17.8

16 - 30 minutes

4.5

3.0

5.9

2.6

6.3

3.5

7.2

3.4

5.9

30 minutes or more

3.0

2.8

3.3

1.6

4.4

2.3

5.1

1.2

5.4

p†

 

0.0001

0.0001

0.0001

0.0001

Computer/internet

         

Never

13.2

18.9

8.3

12.2

14.1

11.6

17.5

10.7

16.4

30 minutes

33.9

39.6

28.9

31.6

36.0

34.3

32.7

35.8

31.3

1 - 2 hours

38.2

31.6

43.9

39.0

37.5

39.2

35.6

40.6

35.1

3 hours or more

14.7

10.0

18.8

17.2

12.4

14.9

14.2

12.9

17.1

p

 

0.0001

0.0204

0.0844

0.6160

Television/videos

         

Never

5.4

4.9

5.8

5.6

5.1

4.9

6.6

7.4

2.7

30 minutes

29.8

31.1

28.6

28.8

30.7

30.5

27.6

33.2

25.2

1 - 2 hours

51.4

51.9

51.0

53.6

49.3

53.5

48.4

52.0

50.7

3 hours or more

13.5

12.1

14.6

12.0

14.9

12.0

17.5

7.4

21.4

p

 

0.4848

0.6874

0.3370

0.0001

Game consoles

         

Never

72.9

64.2

80.1

58.0

86.9

73.6

70.6

76.2

68.2

30 minutes

16.4

22.0

11.6

21.8

11.2

16.3

16.7

14.6

18.7

1 - 2 hours

8.4

11.4

5.8

15.4

1.7

8.7

7.6

7.9

9.0

3 hours or more

2.4

2.3

2.5

4.8

0.2

1.5

5.1

1.2

4.1

p

 

0.0001

0.0001

0.0775

0.0016

Music

         

Never

8.2

12.1

4.9

10.4

6.1

9.1

5.8

7.7

8.8

30 minutes

29.4

36.0

23.7

32.8

26.1

31.2

24.4

30.6

27.7

1 - 2 hours

30.0

28.8

31.1

27.8

32.2

30.9

27.6

32.4

27.0

3 hours or more

32.4

23.1

40.3

29.0

35.6

28.8

42.2

29.3

36.5

p

 

0.0001

0.0003

0.0001

0.1830

Overall media index‡

         

Never

1.2

1.5

0.9

1.4

1.0

0.9

1.8

0.9

1.6

30 minutes

2.9

4.0

2.0

1.6

4.2

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

1 - 2 hours

28.3

31.6

25.5

23.8

32.6

28.4

28.0

32.9

22.3

3 - 4 hours

32.3

30.3

34.0

32.2

32.4

32.5

31.6

31.5

33.3

5 - 6 hours

23.9

22.0

25.5

27.4

20.6

24.5

22.2

23.2

24.8

7 hours or more

11.4

10.6

12.1

13.6

9.3

10.7

13.5

8.6

15.1

p

 

0.0072

0.0001

0.8948

0.0009

  1. † p values of Cochrane-Armitage tests for underlying trends of media use between categories of socio-demographic variables (younger vs. older, male vs. female, complete vs. incomplete family, high vs. low/middle socio-economic status).
  2. ‡ The overall media index was estimated by adding up time spent with computer/internet, television/videos and game consoles.
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BMC Neurology

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